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tip and ring
Tip and ring are the names of the two conductors or sides of a telephone line. The terms originate in reference to the telephone plugs used for connecting telephone calls in manual switchboards. One side of the line is connected to the metal ''tip'' of the plug, and the second is connected to a metal ''ring'' behind the tip, separated and insulated from the tip by a non-conducting material. When inserted into a jack, the plug's tip conductor connects first, followed the ring conductor. In many European countries tip and ring are referred to as the ''A'' and ''B'' wires.
The ring conductor has a direct current (DC) potential of to with respect to tip conductor when the line is in the on-hook (idle) state. Neither conductor is referenced to ground. Floating both conductors (not referencing either one to ground) minimizes the pickup of hum from any nearby alternating current (AC) power wires.
==Origin==
The terms ''tip'' and ''ring'' originated in the early days of telephony when telephone operators used plugs to connect customer calls. The names of the wires are derived from the part of the plug to which they are connected. The words are often abbreviated as ''T'' and ''R'' in wiring diagrams. While the ring is connected to −48 volts, the tip is connected to ground.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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